Tax Optimization
Roth conversions, capital gains stacking, RMDs, and state tax strategies for early retirees.
4 articles
Tax Optimization
Inherited IRA RMD: Rules for Beneficiaries
Most non-spouse beneficiaries must empty inherited IRAs within 10 years. If the original owner died after starting RMDs, annual distributions are required — effective 2025.
•14 min read
Tax Optimization
Roth Conversion Calculator: How Much to Convert
The optimal Roth conversion fills your lowest brackets without triggering ACA, IRMAA, or Social Security penalties. Here's the exact math.
•12 min read
Tax Optimization
RMD Calculator: Required Minimum Distributions Explained
Divide your December 31 account balance by the IRS Uniform Lifetime Table factor for your age. At 73, the factor is 26.5 — a $500K IRA owes an $18,868 RMD.
•13 min read
Tax Optimization
Roth Conversion Ladder: Complete Guide for Early Retirees
A Roth conversion ladder lets you access pre-tax retirement funds before 59½ without penalties. Here's the strategy, the math, and the tax traps to avoid.
•11 min read